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Center for Computational Systems Medicine
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Protein Summary

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AS Summary

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Protein Functional Features

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Gene Isoform Structures and Expression Levels

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Protein Structures

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pLDDT Score Distribution

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Ramachandran Plot of Protein Structures

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Potential Active Site Information

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Protein Structure and Feature Comparision

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Protein-Protein Interaction

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Related Drugs

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Related Diseases

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Clinically Important Variants

Protein:DDX1

Protein Summary

check button Gene summary
Gene name: DDX1
ASpdb.0 ID: 1653
Gene
Gene symbol

DDX1

Gene ID

1653

Gene nameDEAD-box helicase 1
SynonymsDBP-RB|UKVH5d
Cytomap

2p24.3

Type of geneprotein-coding
DescriptionATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX1DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box helicase 1DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 1DEAD box polypeptide 1DEAD box protein 1DEAD box protein retinoblastomaDEAD box-1DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX1DEAD/H (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His) box
Modification date20240407
UniProtAcc

Q92499


check button Gene ontology of this gene with evidence of Inferred from Direct Assay (IDA) from Entrez
PartnerGeneGO IDGO termPubMed ID
GeneDDX1

GO:0003682

chromatin binding

19058135

GeneDDX1

GO:0003712

transcription coregulator activity

19058135

GeneDDX1

GO:0003724

RNA helicase activity

12183465|18710941

GeneDDX1

GO:0004518

nuclease activity

18710941

GeneDDX1

GO:0005634

nucleus

19058135|24608264

GeneDDX1

GO:0005654

nucleoplasm

-

GeneDDX1

GO:0005737

cytoplasm

24608264|24965446

GeneDDX1

GO:0005829

cytosol

-

GeneDDX1

GO:0006302

double-strand break repair

18710941

GeneDDX1

GO:0008143

poly(A) binding

12183465

GeneDDX1

GO:0010494

cytoplasmic stress granule

18335541

GeneDDX1

GO:0032508

DNA duplex unwinding

18710941

GeneDDX1

GO:0033677

DNA/RNA helicase activity

18710941

GeneDDX1

GO:0071920

cleavage body

11598190

GeneDDX1

GO:0072669

tRNA-splicing ligase complex

21311021|24870230

GeneDDX1

GO:0090304

nucleic acid metabolic process

18710941

GeneDDX1

GO:1990904

ribonucleoprotein complex

18809582



AS Summary

check button Information of the canonical protein with experimentally identified structure from PDB (2023).
UniProt AccFile namePDB IDMethodResolutionChainStartEnd
Q92499-1Q92499-1_4xw3_B.pdb4XW3X-ray2.0B86279

check button ASpdb's canonical and alternatively spliced isoform information.
accession_idgene_namecanonical_idalternative_idcanonical_lengthalternative_lengthcanonical_startcanonical_endtypeoriginalSEQvariationSEQalternative_startalternative_end
Q92499DDX1Q92499-1Q92499-274062298113Deletionnonenone9797
Q92499DDX1Q92499-1Q92499-2740622630740SubstitutionVCSSRGKGCYNTRLKEDGGCTIWYNEMQLLSEIEEHLNCTISQVEPDIKVPVDEFDGKVTYGQKRAAGGGSYKGHVDILAPTVQELAALEKEAQTSFLHLGYLPNQLFRTFMVQRDAVTI614622
Q92499DDX1Q92499-1Q92499-37406121128Deletionnonenone00

check buttonMultiple sequence alignment of our canonical and alternatively spliced DDX1

check button Matched gene isoform IDs with Ensembl and RefSeq of our canonical and alternative spliced genes of DDX1
UniProt-idENSGENSTENSP
Q92499-1ENSG00000079785.16ENST00000233084.8ENSP00000233084.3
Q92499-1ENSG00000079785.16ENST00000381341.7ENSP00000370745.1
Q92499-1ENSG00000079785.16ENST00000434671.2ENSP00000413767.2
Q92499-1ENSG00000079785.16ENST00000677302.1ENSP00000504080.1

UniProt-idNM IDNP ID
Q92499-1NM_004939.2NP_004930.1

check buttonAmino acid sequences of our canonical and alternatively spliced DDX1
accession_idProtein sequence
Q92499-1MAAFSEMGVMPEIAQAVEEMDWLLPTDIQAESIPLILGGGDVLMAAETGSGKTGAFSIPVIQIVYETLKDQQEGKKGKTTIKTGASVLNK
WQMNPYDRGSAFAIGSDGLCCQSREVKEWHGCRATKGLMKGKHYYEVSCHDQGLCRVGWSTMQASLDLGTDKFGFGFGGTGKKSHNKQFD
NYGEEFTMHDTIGCYLDIDKGHVKFSKNGKDLGLAFEIPPHMKNQALFPACVLKNAELKFNFGEEEFKFPPKDGFVALSKAPDGYIVKSQ
HSGNAQVTQTKFLPNAPKALIVEPSRELAEQTLNNIKQFKKYIDNPKLRELLIIGGVAARDQLSVLENGVDIVVGTPGRLDDLVSTGKLN
LSQVRFLVLDEADGLLSQGYSDFINRMHNQIPQVTSDGKRLQVIVCSATLHSFDVKKLSEKIMHFPTWVDLKGEDSVPDTVHHVVVPVNP
KTDRLWERLGKSHIRTDDVHAKDNTRPGANSPEMWSEAIKILKGEYAVRAIKEHKMDQAIIFCRTKIDCDNLEQYFIQQGGGPDKKGHQF
SCVCLHGDRKPHERKQNLERFKKGDVRFLICTDVAARGIDIHGVPYVINVTLPDEKQNYVHRIGRVGRAERMGLAISLVATEKEKVWYHV
CSSRGKGCYNTRLKEDGGCTIWYNEMQLLSEIEEHLNCTISQVEPDIKVPVDEFDGKVTYGQKRAAGGGSYKGHVDILAPTVQELAALEK
Q92499-2MAAFSEMGVMPEIAQAVEEMDWLLPTDIQAESIPLILGGGDVLMAAETGSGKTGAFSIPVIQIVYETLKDQQEGKKGKTTIKTGASVLNK
WQMNPYDREVKEWHGCRATKGLMKGKHYYEVSCHDQGLCRVGWSTMQASLDLGTDKFGFGFGGTGKKSHNKQFDNYGEEFTMHDTIGCYL
DIDKGHVKFSKNGKDLGLAFEIPPHMKNQALFPACVLKNAELKFNFGEEEFKFPPKDGFVALSKAPDGYIVKSQHSGNAQVTQTKFLPNA
PKALIVEPSRELAEQTLNNIKQFKKYIDNPKLRELLIIGGVAARDQLSVLENGVDIVVGTPGRLDDLVSTGKLNLSQVRFLVLDEADGLL
SQGYSDFINRMHNQIPQVTSDGKRLQVIVCSATLHSFDVKKLSEKIMHFPTWVDLKGEDSVPDTVHHVVVPVNPKTDRLWERLGKSHIRT
DDVHAKDNTRPGANSPEMWSEAIKILKGEYAVRAIKEHKMDQAIIFCRTKIDCDNLEQYFIQQGGGPDKKGHQFSCVCLHGDRKPHERKQ
Q92499-3MKGKHYYEVSCHDQGLCRVGWSTMQASLDLGTDKFGFGFGGTGKKSHNKQFDNYGEEFTMHDTIGCYLDIDKGHVKFSKNGKDLGLAFEI
PPHMKNQALFPACVLKNAELKFNFGEEEFKFPPKDGFVALSKAPDGYIVKSQHSGNAQVTQTKFLPNAPKALIVEPSRELAEQTLNNIKQ
FKKYIDNPKLRELLIIGGVAARDQLSVLENGVDIVVGTPGRLDDLVSTGKLNLSQVRFLVLDEADGLLSQGYSDFINRMHNQIPQVTSDG
KRLQVIVCSATLHSFDVKKLSEKIMHFPTWVDLKGEDSVPDTVHHVVVPVNPKTDRLWERLGKSHIRTDDVHAKDNTRPGANSPEMWSEA
IKILKGEYAVRAIKEHKMDQAIIFCRTKIDCDNLEQYFIQQGGGPDKKGHQFSCVCLHGDRKPHERKQNLERFKKGDVRFLICTDVAARG
IDIHGVPYVINVTLPDEKQNYVHRIGRVGRAERMGLAISLVATEKEKVWYHVCSSRGKGCYNTRLKEDGGCTIWYNEMQLLSEIEEHLNC

Protein Functional Features

check buttonMain function of this protein. (from UniProt)
DDX1 (go to UniProt):Q92499

check buttonRetention analysis result of protein across 39 protein features of UniProt such as six molecule processing features, 13 region features, four site features, six amino acid modification features, two natural variation features, five experimental info features, and 3 secondary structure features. Here, because of limited space for viewing, we only show the protein feature retention information belong to the 13 regional features. All retention annotation result can be downloaded at

download page

* Minus value of BPloci means that the break pointn is located before the CDS.
- Retained protein feature among the 13 regional features.
Accession_idSubsectionStartEndFuncitonal featureSplicing information
Q92499Domain2428Note=Helicase ATP-binding;Ontology_term=ECO:0000255;evidence=ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00541Type=Deletion;Start=98;End=113
Q92499Domain2428Note=Helicase ATP-binding;Ontology_term=ECO:0000255;evidence=ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00541Type=Deletion;Start=1;End=128
Q92499Domain70247Note=B30.2/SPRY;Ontology_term=ECO:0000255;evidence=ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00548Type=Deletion;Start=98;End=113
Q92499Domain70247Note=B30.2/SPRY;Ontology_term=ECO:0000255;evidence=ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00548Type=Deletion;Start=1;End=128
Q92499Domain493681Note=Helicase C-terminal;Ontology_term=ECO:0000255;evidence=ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00542Type=Substitution;Start=630;End=740
Q92499Region1525Note=Necessary for interaction with RELA;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:19058135;Dbxref=PMID:19058135Type=Deletion;Start=98;End=113
Q92499Region1525Note=Necessary for interaction with RELA;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:19058135;Dbxref=PMID:19058135Type=Deletion;Start=1;End=128
Q92499Region1448Note=Interaction with dsRNA;Ontology_term=ECO:0000250;evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q91VR5Type=Deletion;Start=98;End=113
Q92499Region1448Note=Interaction with dsRNA;Ontology_term=ECO:0000250;evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q91VR5Type=Deletion;Start=1;End=128
Q92499Region1295Note=Necessary for interaction with HNRNPK;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:12183465;Dbxref=PMID:12183465Type=Deletion;Start=98;End=113
Q92499Region1295Note=Necessary for interaction with HNRNPK;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:12183465;Dbxref=PMID:12183465Type=Deletion;Start=1;End=128
Q92499Region525740Note=Necessary for interaction with HNRNPK;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:12183465;Dbxref=PMID:12183465Type=Substitution;Start=630;End=740
Q92499Region536631Note=Necessary for interaction with replicase polyprotein 1ab nsp14 of IBV;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:20573827;Dbxref=PMID:20573827Type=Substitution;Start=630;End=740


Gene Isoform Structures and Expression Levels for DDX1

check buttonGene structures of our canonical and alternative spliced genes of DDX1
* Click on the image to open the UCSC genome browser with custom track showing this image in a new window.
gene isoform structure of DDX1

check button Expression levels of gene isoforms across GTEx.
gtex expression

check button Expression levels of gene isoforms across TCGA.
tcga expression


Protein Structures

check button PDB and CIF files of the predicted protein structures
* Here we show the 3D structure of the proteins using Mol*. AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Model confidence is shown from the pLDDT values per residue. pLDDT corresponds to the model’s prediction of its score on the local Distance Difference Test. It is a measure of local accuracy (from AlphfaFold website). To color code individual residues, we transformed individual PDB files into CIF format.
3D view using mol* of Q92499-1
3D view using mol* of Q92499-2
3D view using mol* of Q92499-3


pLDDT Score Distribution

check button pLDDT score distribution of the predicted protein structures from AlphaFold2
* AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100.
pLDDT distribution across the protein length of Q92499-1
all structure
pLDDT distribution across the protein length of Q92499-2
all structure
pLDDT distribution across the protein length of Q92499-3
all structure


Ramachandran Plot of Protein Structures


check button Ramachandran plot of the torsional angles - phi (φ)and psi (ψ) - of the residues (amino acids) contained in this protein peptide.
Ramachandran plot of Q92499-1
all structure
Ramachandran plot of Q92499-2
all structure

Potential Active Site Information


check button The potential binding sites of these proteins were identified using SiteMap, a module of the Schrodinger suite.
UniProt-idSite scoreSizeD scoreVolumeExposureEnclosureContactPhobicPhilicBalanceDon/AccResidues
Q92499-11.0112810.913798.5040.4970.7140.9940.2421.3970.1730.7437,38,39,40,41,43,63,79,80,81,82,86,87,89,90,91,92
,95,96,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,1
09,110,112,113,114,115,237,242,244,365,366,388,389
,393,394,398,399,400,401,402,403,419,420,421,422,4
23,424,425,426,428
Q92499-21.016870.946219.1770.4460.7951.0760.3571.2510.2851.0247,48,355,392,416,420,422,560,561,562,566,567,584,
585,588,589,590,591,592
Q92499-31.048631.006103.9290.30.9911.4022.681.0262.6110.878336,337,338,339,362,365,385,386,387,390,393,394,46
2,463,496,498,499

Protein Structure and Feature Comparision


check button Protein Structure Comparision Using Template Modeling Scores (TM-score).
all structure

check button Protein Structure Comparision Visualization with mol*. between Canonical predicted structure (AF2)(orange) vs Canonical validated structure (PDB)(green)
3D view using mol* of Q92499-1_Q92499-1_4xw3_B.pdb

check button Protein Structure Comparision Visualization with mol*. between Canonical validated structure (PDB)(orange) vs Alternative predicted structure (AF2)(green)
3D view using mol* of Q92499-1_4xw3_B_Q92499-2.pdb
3D view using mol* of Q92499-1_4xw3_B_Q92499-3.pdb

check button Protein Structure Comparision Visualization with mol*. between Canonical predicted structure (AF2)(orange) vs Alternative predicted structure (AF2)(green)
3D view using mol* of Q92499-1_Q92499-2.pdb
3D view using mol* of Q92499-1_Q92499-3.pdb

check button Protein Feature Comparison of the protein sequendary structures among the protiens.
./stats/secondary_structure/figure/Q92499-1_vs_Q92499-2.png
all structure<
./stats/secondary_structure/figure/Q92499-1_vs_Q92499-3.png
all structure<

check button Protein Feature Comparison of the relative accessible surface area (ASA) among the protiens.
./stats/relative_asa/Q92499-1_vs_Q92499-2.png
all structure<
./stats/relative_asa/Q92499-1_vs_Q92499-3.png
all structure<


Protein-Protein Interaction


check button Interactors from UniProt.
Accession_idSubsectionStartEndFuncitonal featureSplicing information
Q92499Region1525Note=Necessary for interaction with RELA;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:19058135;Dbxref=PMID:19058135Type=Deletion;Start=98;End=113
Q92499Region1525Note=Necessary for interaction with RELA;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:19058135;Dbxref=PMID:19058135Type=Deletion;Start=1;End=128
Q92499Region1448Note=Interaction with dsRNA;Ontology_term=ECO:0000250;evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q91VR5Type=Deletion;Start=98;End=113
Q92499Region1448Note=Interaction with dsRNA;Ontology_term=ECO:0000250;evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q91VR5Type=Deletion;Start=1;End=128
Q92499Region1295Note=Necessary for interaction with HNRNPK;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:12183465;Dbxref=PMID:12183465Type=Deletion;Start=98;End=113
Q92499Region1295Note=Necessary for interaction with HNRNPK;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:12183465;Dbxref=PMID:12183465Type=Deletion;Start=1;End=128
Q92499Region525740Note=Necessary for interaction with HNRNPK;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:12183465;Dbxref=PMID:12183465Type=Substitution;Start=630;End=740
Q92499Region536631Note=Necessary for interaction with replicase polyprotein 1ab nsp14 of IBV;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:20573827;Dbxref=PMID:20573827Type=Substitution;Start=630;End=740


check button Interactors from STRING.
Gene nameInteractors


Related Drugs to DDX1


check button Drugs targeting this gene/protein.
(DrugBank)
UniProt accessionGene nameDrugBank IDDrug nameDrug groupActions

Related Diseases to DDX1


check button Previous studies relating to the alternative splicing of DDX1 and disease information from the MeSH term (PubMed)
GenePMIDTitleAbstractMeSH IDMeSH term
DDX116230076Beta-catenin interacts with the FUS proto-oncogene product and regulates pre-mRNA splicing.beta-Catenin is a downstream effector of the Wnt signaling pathway and is believed to exert its oncogenic function by activating T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) family transcriptional factors. However, it is still uncertain whether the diverse effects of beta-catenin are caused solely by aberrant gene transactivation. In this study, we used a proteomics approach to obtain further insight into the functional properties of nuclear beta-catenin.D015179Colorectal Neoplasms
DDX121697133Full-length transcriptome analysis of human retina-derived cell lines ARPE-19 and Y79 using the vector-capping method.PURPOSE. To collect an entire set of full-length cDNA clones derived from human retina-derived cell lines and to identify full-length transcripts for retinal preferentially expressed genes. METHODS. The full-length cDNA libraries were constructed from a retinoblastoma cell line, Y79, and a retinal pigment epithelium cell line, ARPE-19, using the vector-capping method, which generates a genuine full-length cDNA. By single-pass sequencing of the 5'-end of cDNA clones and subsequent mapping to the human genome, the authors determined their transcriptional start sites and annotated the cDNA clones. RESULTS. Of the 23,616 clones isolated from Y79-derived cDNA libraries, 19,229 full-length cDNA clones were identified and classified into 4808 genes, including genes of >10 kbp. Of the 7067 genes obtained from the Y79 and ARPE-19 libraries, the authors selected 72 genes that were preferentially expressed in the eye, of which 131 clones corresponding to 57 genes were fully sequenced. As a result, we discovered many variants that were produced by different transcriptional start sites, alternative splicing, and alternative polyadenylation. CONCLUSIONS. The bias-free, full-length cDNA libraries constructed using the vector-capping method were shown to be useful for collecting an entire set of full-length cDNA clones for these retinal cell lines. Full-length transcriptome analysis of these cDNA libraries revealed that there were, unexpectedly, many transcript variants for each gene, indicating that obtaining the full-length cDNA for each variant is indispensable for analyzing its function. The full-length cDNA clones (approximately 80,000 clones each for ARPE-19 and Y79) will be useful as a resource for investigating the human retina.D019572Retinal Neoplasms
DDX121697133Full-length transcriptome analysis of human retina-derived cell lines ARPE-19 and Y79 using the vector-capping method.PURPOSE. To collect an entire set of full-length cDNA clones derived from human retina-derived cell lines and to identify full-length transcripts for retinal preferentially expressed genes. METHODS. The full-length cDNA libraries were constructed from a retinoblastoma cell line, Y79, and a retinal pigment epithelium cell line, ARPE-19, using the vector-capping method, which generates a genuine full-length cDNA. By single-pass sequencing of the 5'-end of cDNA clones and subsequent mapping to the human genome, the authors determined their transcriptional start sites and annotated the cDNA clones. RESULTS. Of the 23,616 clones isolated from Y79-derived cDNA libraries, 19,229 full-length cDNA clones were identified and classified into 4808 genes, including genes of >10 kbp. Of the 7067 genes obtained from the Y79 and ARPE-19 libraries, the authors selected 72 genes that were preferentially expressed in the eye, of which 131 clones corresponding to 57 genes were fully sequenced. As a result, we discovered many variants that were produced by different transcriptional start sites, alternative splicing, and alternative polyadenylation. CONCLUSIONS. The bias-free, full-length cDNA libraries constructed using the vector-capping method were shown to be useful for collecting an entire set of full-length cDNA clones for these retinal cell lines. Full-length transcriptome analysis of these cDNA libraries revealed that there were, unexpectedly, many transcript variants for each gene, indicating that obtaining the full-length cDNA for each variant is indispensable for analyzing its function. The full-length cDNA clones (approximately 80,000 clones each for ARPE-19 and Y79) will be useful as a resource for investigating the human retina.D012175Retinoblastoma
DDX124711643Identifying biological pathways that underlie primordial short stature using network analysis.Mutations in CUL7, OBSL1 and CCDC8, leading to disordered ubiquitination, cause one of the commonest primordial growth disorders, 3-M syndrome. This condition is associated with i) abnormal p53 function, ii) GH and/or IGF1 resistance, which may relate to failure to recycle signalling molecules, and iii) cellular IGF2 deficiency. However the exact molecular mechanisms that may link these abnormalities generating growth restriction remain undefined. In this study, we have used immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry and transcriptomic studies to generate a 3-M 'interactome', to define key cellular pathways and biological functions associated with growth failure seen in 3-M. We identified 189 proteins which interacted with CUL7, OBSL1 and CCDC8, from which a network including 176 of these proteins was generated. To strengthen the association to 3-M syndrome, these proteins were compared with an inferred network generated from the genes that were differentially expressed in 3-M fibroblasts compared with controls. This resulted in a final 3-M network of 131 proteins, with the most significant biological pathway within the network being mRNA splicing/processing. We have shown using an exogenous insulin receptor (INSR) minigene system that alternative splicing of exon 11 is significantly changed in HEK293 cells with altered expression of CUL7, OBSL1 and CCDC8 and in 3-M fibroblasts. The net result is a reduction in the expression of the mitogenic INSR isoform in 3-M syndrome. From these preliminary data, we hypothesise that disordered ubiquitination could result in aberrant mRNA splicing in 3-M; however, further investigation is required to determine whether this contributes to growth failure.D004392Dwarfism
DDX124711643Identifying biological pathways that underlie primordial short stature using network analysis.Mutations in CUL7, OBSL1 and CCDC8, leading to disordered ubiquitination, cause one of the commonest primordial growth disorders, 3-M syndrome. This condition is associated with i) abnormal p53 function, ii) GH and/or IGF1 resistance, which may relate to failure to recycle signalling molecules, and iii) cellular IGF2 deficiency. However the exact molecular mechanisms that may link these abnormalities generating growth restriction remain undefined. In this study, we have used immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry and transcriptomic studies to generate a 3-M 'interactome', to define key cellular pathways and biological functions associated with growth failure seen in 3-M. We identified 189 proteins which interacted with CUL7, OBSL1 and CCDC8, from which a network including 176 of these proteins was generated. To strengthen the association to 3-M syndrome, these proteins were compared with an inferred network generated from the genes that were differentially expressed in 3-M fibroblasts compared with controls. This resulted in a final 3-M network of 131 proteins, with the most significant biological pathway within the network being mRNA splicing/processing. We have shown using an exogenous insulin receptor (INSR) minigene system that alternative splicing of exon 11 is significantly changed in HEK293 cells with altered expression of CUL7, OBSL1 and CCDC8 and in 3-M fibroblasts. The net result is a reduction in the expression of the mitogenic INSR isoform in 3-M syndrome. From these preliminary data, we hypothesise that disordered ubiquitination could result in aberrant mRNA splicing in 3-M; however, further investigation is required to determine whether this contributes to growth failure.D006130Growth Disorders
DDX124711643Identifying biological pathways that underlie primordial short stature using network analysis.Mutations in CUL7, OBSL1 and CCDC8, leading to disordered ubiquitination, cause one of the commonest primordial growth disorders, 3-M syndrome. This condition is associated with i) abnormal p53 function, ii) GH and/or IGF1 resistance, which may relate to failure to recycle signalling molecules, and iii) cellular IGF2 deficiency. However the exact molecular mechanisms that may link these abnormalities generating growth restriction remain undefined. In this study, we have used immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry and transcriptomic studies to generate a 3-M 'interactome', to define key cellular pathways and biological functions associated with growth failure seen in 3-M. We identified 189 proteins which interacted with CUL7, OBSL1 and CCDC8, from which a network including 176 of these proteins was generated. To strengthen the association to 3-M syndrome, these proteins were compared with an inferred network generated from the genes that were differentially expressed in 3-M fibroblasts compared with controls. This resulted in a final 3-M network of 131 proteins, with the most significant biological pathway within the network being mRNA splicing/processing. We have shown using an exogenous insulin receptor (INSR) minigene system that alternative splicing of exon 11 is significantly changed in HEK293 cells with altered expression of CUL7, OBSL1 and CCDC8 and in 3-M fibroblasts. The net result is a reduction in the expression of the mitogenic INSR isoform in 3-M syndrome. From these preliminary data, we hypothesise that disordered ubiquitination could result in aberrant mRNA splicing in 3-M; however, further investigation is required to determine whether this contributes to growth failure.D009123Muscle Hypotonia


Clinically important variants in DDX1


check button (ClinVar, 04/20/2024)
accession_iduniprot_idgene_nameTypeVariantClinical_significance