| Gene | PMID | Title | Abstract | MeSH ID | MeSH term |
| F3 | 12652293 | Alternatively spliced human tissue factor: a circulating, soluble, thrombogenic protein. | Tissue factor (TF) is an essential enzyme activator that forms a catalytic complex with FVII(a) and initiates coagulation by activating FIX and FX, ultimately resulting in thrombin formation. TF is found in adventitia of blood vessels and the lipid core of atherosclerotic plaques. In unstable coronary syndromes, plaque rupture initiates coagulation by exposing TF to blood. Biologically active TF has been detected in vessel walls and circulating blood. Elevated intravascular TF has been reported in diverse pro-thrombotic syndromes such as myocardial infarction, sepsis, anti-phospholipid syndrome and sickle-cell disease. It is unclear how TF circulates, although it may be present in pro-coagulant microparticles. We now report identification of a form of human TF generated by alternative splicing. Our studies indicate that alternatively spliced human tissue factor (asHTF) contains most of the extracellular domain of TF but lacks a transmembrane domain and terminates with a unique peptide sequence. asHTF is soluble, circulates in blood, exhibits pro-coagulant activity when exposed to phospholipids, and is incorporated into thrombi. We propose that binding of asHTF to the edge of thrombi contributes to thrombus growth by creating a surface that both initiates and propagates coagulation. | D013923 | Thromboembolism |
| F3 | 16217771 | Identification of a novel human tissue factor splice variant that is upregulated in tumor cells. | Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as the prime initiator of blood coagulation and plays a critical role in thrombosis and hemostasis. In addition, a variety of tumor cells overexpress cell-surface TF, which appears to be important for tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. To elucidate the mechanism involved in the upregulation of TF in human tumor cells, a comprehensive analysis of TF mRNA from various normal and tumor cells was performed. The results of these studies indicate that, in addition to possessing a normal full-length TF transcript and minor levels of an alternatively spliced transcript known as alternatively-spliced tissue factor (asTF), human tumor cells express additional full-length TF transcripts that are also generated by alternative splicing. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends- (5'-RACE) based analyses of cytoplasmic RNA from normal and tumor cells revealed that there is alternative splicing of the first intron between exon I and exon II resulting in 2 additional TF transcripts. One of the transcripts has an extended exon I with inclusion of most of the first TF intron (955 bp), while the second transcript is formed by the insertion of a 495 bp sequence, referred to as exon IA, derived from an internal sequence of the first intron. The full length TF transcript with alternatively spliced novel exon IA, referred to as alternative exon 1A-tissue factor (TF-A), represented approximately 1% of the total TF transcripts in normal cells, but constituted 7-10% of the total TF transcript in tumor cells. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that cultured human tumor cells contain 10-25-fold more copy numbers of TF-A in comparison to normal, untransformed cells. We propose that high-level expression of the novel TF-A transcript, preferentially in tumor cells, may have utility in the diagnosis and staging of a variety of solid tumors. | D000230 | Adenocarcinoma |
| F3 | 16217771 | Identification of a novel human tissue factor splice variant that is upregulated in tumor cells. | Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as the prime initiator of blood coagulation and plays a critical role in thrombosis and hemostasis. In addition, a variety of tumor cells overexpress cell-surface TF, which appears to be important for tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. To elucidate the mechanism involved in the upregulation of TF in human tumor cells, a comprehensive analysis of TF mRNA from various normal and tumor cells was performed. The results of these studies indicate that, in addition to possessing a normal full-length TF transcript and minor levels of an alternatively spliced transcript known as alternatively-spliced tissue factor (asTF), human tumor cells express additional full-length TF transcripts that are also generated by alternative splicing. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends- (5'-RACE) based analyses of cytoplasmic RNA from normal and tumor cells revealed that there is alternative splicing of the first intron between exon I and exon II resulting in 2 additional TF transcripts. One of the transcripts has an extended exon I with inclusion of most of the first TF intron (955 bp), while the second transcript is formed by the insertion of a 495 bp sequence, referred to as exon IA, derived from an internal sequence of the first intron. The full length TF transcript with alternatively spliced novel exon IA, referred to as alternative exon 1A-tissue factor (TF-A), represented approximately 1% of the total TF transcripts in normal cells, but constituted 7-10% of the total TF transcript in tumor cells. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that cultured human tumor cells contain 10-25-fold more copy numbers of TF-A in comparison to normal, untransformed cells. We propose that high-level expression of the novel TF-A transcript, preferentially in tumor cells, may have utility in the diagnosis and staging of a variety of solid tumors. | D006528 | Carcinoma, Hepatocellular |
| F3 | 16217771 | Identification of a novel human tissue factor splice variant that is upregulated in tumor cells. | Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as the prime initiator of blood coagulation and plays a critical role in thrombosis and hemostasis. In addition, a variety of tumor cells overexpress cell-surface TF, which appears to be important for tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. To elucidate the mechanism involved in the upregulation of TF in human tumor cells, a comprehensive analysis of TF mRNA from various normal and tumor cells was performed. The results of these studies indicate that, in addition to possessing a normal full-length TF transcript and minor levels of an alternatively spliced transcript known as alternatively-spliced tissue factor (asTF), human tumor cells express additional full-length TF transcripts that are also generated by alternative splicing. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends- (5'-RACE) based analyses of cytoplasmic RNA from normal and tumor cells revealed that there is alternative splicing of the first intron between exon I and exon II resulting in 2 additional TF transcripts. One of the transcripts has an extended exon I with inclusion of most of the first TF intron (955 bp), while the second transcript is formed by the insertion of a 495 bp sequence, referred to as exon IA, derived from an internal sequence of the first intron. The full length TF transcript with alternatively spliced novel exon IA, referred to as alternative exon 1A-tissue factor (TF-A), represented approximately 1% of the total TF transcripts in normal cells, but constituted 7-10% of the total TF transcript in tumor cells. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that cultured human tumor cells contain 10-25-fold more copy numbers of TF-A in comparison to normal, untransformed cells. We propose that high-level expression of the novel TF-A transcript, preferentially in tumor cells, may have utility in the diagnosis and staging of a variety of solid tumors. | D002295 | Carcinoma, Transitional Cell |
| F3 | 16217771 | Identification of a novel human tissue factor splice variant that is upregulated in tumor cells. | Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as the prime initiator of blood coagulation and plays a critical role in thrombosis and hemostasis. In addition, a variety of tumor cells overexpress cell-surface TF, which appears to be important for tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. To elucidate the mechanism involved in the upregulation of TF in human tumor cells, a comprehensive analysis of TF mRNA from various normal and tumor cells was performed. The results of these studies indicate that, in addition to possessing a normal full-length TF transcript and minor levels of an alternatively spliced transcript known as alternatively-spliced tissue factor (asTF), human tumor cells express additional full-length TF transcripts that are also generated by alternative splicing. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends- (5'-RACE) based analyses of cytoplasmic RNA from normal and tumor cells revealed that there is alternative splicing of the first intron between exon I and exon II resulting in 2 additional TF transcripts. One of the transcripts has an extended exon I with inclusion of most of the first TF intron (955 bp), while the second transcript is formed by the insertion of a 495 bp sequence, referred to as exon IA, derived from an internal sequence of the first intron. The full length TF transcript with alternatively spliced novel exon IA, referred to as alternative exon 1A-tissue factor (TF-A), represented approximately 1% of the total TF transcripts in normal cells, but constituted 7-10% of the total TF transcript in tumor cells. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that cultured human tumor cells contain 10-25-fold more copy numbers of TF-A in comparison to normal, untransformed cells. We propose that high-level expression of the novel TF-A transcript, preferentially in tumor cells, may have utility in the diagnosis and staging of a variety of solid tumors. | D015473 | Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute |
| F3 | 16217771 | Identification of a novel human tissue factor splice variant that is upregulated in tumor cells. | Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as the prime initiator of blood coagulation and plays a critical role in thrombosis and hemostasis. In addition, a variety of tumor cells overexpress cell-surface TF, which appears to be important for tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. To elucidate the mechanism involved in the upregulation of TF in human tumor cells, a comprehensive analysis of TF mRNA from various normal and tumor cells was performed. The results of these studies indicate that, in addition to possessing a normal full-length TF transcript and minor levels of an alternatively spliced transcript known as alternatively-spliced tissue factor (asTF), human tumor cells express additional full-length TF transcripts that are also generated by alternative splicing. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends- (5'-RACE) based analyses of cytoplasmic RNA from normal and tumor cells revealed that there is alternative splicing of the first intron between exon I and exon II resulting in 2 additional TF transcripts. One of the transcripts has an extended exon I with inclusion of most of the first TF intron (955 bp), while the second transcript is formed by the insertion of a 495 bp sequence, referred to as exon IA, derived from an internal sequence of the first intron. The full length TF transcript with alternatively spliced novel exon IA, referred to as alternative exon 1A-tissue factor (TF-A), represented approximately 1% of the total TF transcripts in normal cells, but constituted 7-10% of the total TF transcript in tumor cells. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that cultured human tumor cells contain 10-25-fold more copy numbers of TF-A in comparison to normal, untransformed cells. We propose that high-level expression of the novel TF-A transcript, preferentially in tumor cells, may have utility in the diagnosis and staging of a variety of solid tumors. | D008113 | Liver Neoplasms |
| F3 | 16217771 | Identification of a novel human tissue factor splice variant that is upregulated in tumor cells. | Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as the prime initiator of blood coagulation and plays a critical role in thrombosis and hemostasis. In addition, a variety of tumor cells overexpress cell-surface TF, which appears to be important for tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. To elucidate the mechanism involved in the upregulation of TF in human tumor cells, a comprehensive analysis of TF mRNA from various normal and tumor cells was performed. The results of these studies indicate that, in addition to possessing a normal full-length TF transcript and minor levels of an alternatively spliced transcript known as alternatively-spliced tissue factor (asTF), human tumor cells express additional full-length TF transcripts that are also generated by alternative splicing. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends- (5'-RACE) based analyses of cytoplasmic RNA from normal and tumor cells revealed that there is alternative splicing of the first intron between exon I and exon II resulting in 2 additional TF transcripts. One of the transcripts has an extended exon I with inclusion of most of the first TF intron (955 bp), while the second transcript is formed by the insertion of a 495 bp sequence, referred to as exon IA, derived from an internal sequence of the first intron. The full length TF transcript with alternatively spliced novel exon IA, referred to as alternative exon 1A-tissue factor (TF-A), represented approximately 1% of the total TF transcripts in normal cells, but constituted 7-10% of the total TF transcript in tumor cells. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that cultured human tumor cells contain 10-25-fold more copy numbers of TF-A in comparison to normal, untransformed cells. We propose that high-level expression of the novel TF-A transcript, preferentially in tumor cells, may have utility in the diagnosis and staging of a variety of solid tumors. | D009369 | Neoplasms |
| F3 | 16217771 | Identification of a novel human tissue factor splice variant that is upregulated in tumor cells. | Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as the prime initiator of blood coagulation and plays a critical role in thrombosis and hemostasis. In addition, a variety of tumor cells overexpress cell-surface TF, which appears to be important for tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. To elucidate the mechanism involved in the upregulation of TF in human tumor cells, a comprehensive analysis of TF mRNA from various normal and tumor cells was performed. The results of these studies indicate that, in addition to possessing a normal full-length TF transcript and minor levels of an alternatively spliced transcript known as alternatively-spliced tissue factor (asTF), human tumor cells express additional full-length TF transcripts that are also generated by alternative splicing. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends- (5'-RACE) based analyses of cytoplasmic RNA from normal and tumor cells revealed that there is alternative splicing of the first intron between exon I and exon II resulting in 2 additional TF transcripts. One of the transcripts has an extended exon I with inclusion of most of the first TF intron (955 bp), while the second transcript is formed by the insertion of a 495 bp sequence, referred to as exon IA, derived from an internal sequence of the first intron. The full length TF transcript with alternatively spliced novel exon IA, referred to as alternative exon 1A-tissue factor (TF-A), represented approximately 1% of the total TF transcripts in normal cells, but constituted 7-10% of the total TF transcript in tumor cells. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that cultured human tumor cells contain 10-25-fold more copy numbers of TF-A in comparison to normal, untransformed cells. We propose that high-level expression of the novel TF-A transcript, preferentially in tumor cells, may have utility in the diagnosis and staging of a variety of solid tumors. | D010190 | Pancreatic Neoplasms |
| F3 | 23604472 | Regulation of pro-angiogenic tissue factor expression in hypoxia-induced human lung cancer cells. | Alternative splicing is a key regulatory mechanism for cellular metabolism controlling cell proliferation and angiogenesis, both of which are crucial processes for tumorigenesis under hypoxia. Human cells express two tissue factor (TF) isoforms, alternatively spliced TF (asTF) and 'full length' TF (flTF). flTF is the major source of thrombogenicity whereas, the function of soluble asTF, particularly in cancer, is widely unknown. In the present study, we examined the impact of alternative splicing on the pro-angiogenic potential and the TF expression pattern of A549 cells under hypoxia. We focused our efforts toward alternative splicing factors, such as Clk1, and pro-angiogenic proliferation-regulating factors, such as Cyr61. We further examined the influence of asTF overexpression on the expression of MCP-1, Cyr61 and VEGF, as well as on cell number and pro-angiogenic properties of A549 cells. Notably, we found hypoxia to induce the expression of alternative splicing factors (Clk1 and Clk4) as well as proliferation- and angiogenesis-promoting factors (Cyr61 and flTF). asTF overexpression in A549 cells also increased both cell number and tube formation. These effects were mediated by the induction of Cyr61, MCP-1 and VEGF, as well as by integrin α(v)β(3). Taken together, our results suggest that the pro-angiogenic potential of A549 lung cancer cells is modulated under hypoxic conditions via modulation of TF isoform expression which in turn is controlled by alternative splicing. | D008175 | Lung Neoplasms |
| F3 | 23604472 | Regulation of pro-angiogenic tissue factor expression in hypoxia-induced human lung cancer cells. | Alternative splicing is a key regulatory mechanism for cellular metabolism controlling cell proliferation and angiogenesis, both of which are crucial processes for tumorigenesis under hypoxia. Human cells express two tissue factor (TF) isoforms, alternatively spliced TF (asTF) and 'full length' TF (flTF). flTF is the major source of thrombogenicity whereas, the function of soluble asTF, particularly in cancer, is widely unknown. In the present study, we examined the impact of alternative splicing on the pro-angiogenic potential and the TF expression pattern of A549 cells under hypoxia. We focused our efforts toward alternative splicing factors, such as Clk1, and pro-angiogenic proliferation-regulating factors, such as Cyr61. We further examined the influence of asTF overexpression on the expression of MCP-1, Cyr61 and VEGF, as well as on cell number and pro-angiogenic properties of A549 cells. Notably, we found hypoxia to induce the expression of alternative splicing factors (Clk1 and Clk4) as well as proliferation- and angiogenesis-promoting factors (Cyr61 and flTF). asTF overexpression in A549 cells also increased both cell number and tube formation. These effects were mediated by the induction of Cyr61, MCP-1 and VEGF, as well as by integrin α(v)β(3). Taken together, our results suggest that the pro-angiogenic potential of A549 lung cancer cells is modulated under hypoxic conditions via modulation of TF isoform expression which in turn is controlled by alternative splicing. | D009389 | Neovascularization, Pathologic |
| F3 | 26408927 | Tissue Factor: Old and New Links with Cancer Biology. | Blood coagulation is one of the most profound factors that influence cancer progression. Especially the initiator of coagulation, tissue factor (TF), has been subject to many studies investigating the overlap between coagulation and cancer. It has been known for decades that TF is a risk factor for metastasis, and in mouse models, TF drives metastasis in a coagulation-dependent manner. However, TF also serves as a cellular receptor to drive primary tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. Nevertheless, recent studies have indicated that TF plays more fundamental roles in cancer biology. TF regulates tumor cell dormancy, is associated with cancer stem cell behavior, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and dictates establishment of the tumor cell premetastatic niche. Especially with regard to these recent roles attributed to TF, no clear idea exists on the exact molecular pathways that are initiated by TF. Finally, TF alternative splicing results in an isoform with different characteristics and functions in cancer. In this review, a summary will be given on both the established as well as the new aspects of TF function in cancer progression. | D009362 | Neoplasm Metastasis |
| F3 | 26408927 | Tissue Factor: Old and New Links with Cancer Biology. | Blood coagulation is one of the most profound factors that influence cancer progression. Especially the initiator of coagulation, tissue factor (TF), has been subject to many studies investigating the overlap between coagulation and cancer. It has been known for decades that TF is a risk factor for metastasis, and in mouse models, TF drives metastasis in a coagulation-dependent manner. However, TF also serves as a cellular receptor to drive primary tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. Nevertheless, recent studies have indicated that TF plays more fundamental roles in cancer biology. TF regulates tumor cell dormancy, is associated with cancer stem cell behavior, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and dictates establishment of the tumor cell premetastatic niche. Especially with regard to these recent roles attributed to TF, no clear idea exists on the exact molecular pathways that are initiated by TF. Finally, TF alternative splicing results in an isoform with different characteristics and functions in cancer. In this review, a summary will be given on both the established as well as the new aspects of TF function in cancer progression. | D009369 | Neoplasms |
| F3 | 26408927 | Tissue Factor: Old and New Links with Cancer Biology. | Blood coagulation is one of the most profound factors that influence cancer progression. Especially the initiator of coagulation, tissue factor (TF), has been subject to many studies investigating the overlap between coagulation and cancer. It has been known for decades that TF is a risk factor for metastasis, and in mouse models, TF drives metastasis in a coagulation-dependent manner. However, TF also serves as a cellular receptor to drive primary tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. Nevertheless, recent studies have indicated that TF plays more fundamental roles in cancer biology. TF regulates tumor cell dormancy, is associated with cancer stem cell behavior, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and dictates establishment of the tumor cell premetastatic niche. Especially with regard to these recent roles attributed to TF, no clear idea exists on the exact molecular pathways that are initiated by TF. Finally, TF alternative splicing results in an isoform with different characteristics and functions in cancer. In this review, a summary will be given on both the established as well as the new aspects of TF function in cancer progression. | D009389 | Neovascularization, Pathologic |
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