Protein:AR |
Protein Summary |
 Gene summary |
| Gene name: AR | ASpdb.0 ID: 367 | Gene | Gene symbol | AR | Gene ID | 367 |
| Gene name | androgen receptor |
| Synonyms | AIS|AR8|DHTR|HUMARA|HYSP1|KD|NR3C4|SBMA|SMAX1|TFM |
| Cytomap | Xq12 |
| Type of gene | protein-coding |
| Description | androgen receptordihydrotestosterone receptornuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 4 |
| Modification date | 20240413 |
| UniProtAcc | P10275 |
| Gene ontology of this gene with evidence of Inferred from Direct Assay (IDA) from Entrez |
| Partner | Gene | GO ID | GO term | PubMed ID |
| Gene | AR | GO:0000785 | chromatin | 17277772|17505061 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0000976 | transcription cis-regulatory region binding | 12799378|18487222|19886863 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0000978 | RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | 16728402|25802280 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0001223 | transcription coactivator binding | 10428808 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0001228 | DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | 16728402|25802280 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0003682 | chromatin binding | 21730289 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0003700 | DNA-binding transcription factor activity | 11477070|15572661 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0004879 | nuclear receptor activity | 12799378|17277772|19886863|20048160|25091737 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0005497 | androgen binding | 3353726|12799378|25091737 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0005634 | nucleus | 15572661|19345326 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | 15572661|17510388 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0005829 | cytosol | - |
| Gene | AR | GO:0008013 | beta-catenin binding | 12799378 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0008284 | positive regulation of cell population proliferation | 17277772 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0010628 | positive regulation of gene expression | 24681825 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0016607 | nuclear speck | 23566155 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0030520 | intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway | 10428808 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0030521 | androgen receptor signaling pathway | 10428808|12799378|17277772|19886863|20048160 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0030522 | intracellular receptor signaling pathway | 17277772 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0032991 | protein-containing complex | 18468998 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0045720 | negative regulation of integrin biosynthetic process | 21310825 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0045726 | positive regulation of integrin biosynthetic process | 21310825 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0045893 | positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription | 11477070 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0045944 | positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | 12799378|15572661|16728402|17277772|17505061|20048160|20181722 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0045945 | positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III | 18487222 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0051117 | ATPase binding | 12058073 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0060090 | molecular adaptor activity | 11896058 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0071391 | cellular response to estrogen stimulus | 10428808 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0071394 | cellular response to testosterone stimulus | 10428808 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0140693 | molecular condensate scaffold activity | 33978290|36229685 |
| Gene | AR | GO:0140694 | non-membrane-bounded organelle assembly | 36229685 |
| Gene | AR | GO:1902895 | positive regulation of miRNA transcription | 25802280 |
| Gene | AR | GO:1903076 | regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane | 21310825 |
| Gene | AR | GO:2001237 | negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | 21310825 |
AS Summary |
| Information of the canonical protein with experimentally identified structure from PDB (2023). |
| UniProt Acc | File name | PDB ID | Method | Resolution | Chain | Start | End |
| P10275-1 | P10275-1_1xj7_A.pdb | 1XJ7 | X-ray | 2.7 | A | 664 | 919 |
| ASpdb's canonical and alternatively spliced isoform information. |
| accession_id | gene_name | canonical_id | alternative_id | canonical_length | alternative_length | canonical_start | canonical_end | type | originalSEQ | variationSEQ | alternative_start | alternative_end |
| P10275 | AR | P10275-1 | P10275-2 | 920 | 388 | 1 | 532 | Deletion | none | none | 0 | 0 |
| P10275 | AR | P10275-1 | P10275-2 | 920 | 388 | 533 | 539 | Substitution | GPYGDMR | MILWLHS | 1 | 7 |
| P10275 | AR | P10275-1 | P10275-3 | 920 | 644 | 629 | 644 | Substitution | ARKLKKLGNLKLQEEG | EKFRVGNCKHLKMTRP | 629 | 644 |
| P10275 | AR | P10275-1 | P10275-3 | 920 | 644 | 645 | 920 | Deletion | none | none | 644 | 644 |
| P10275 | AR | P10275-1 | P10275-4 | 920 | 648 | 630 | 648 | Substitution | RKLKKLGNLKLQEEGEASS | AVVVSERILRVFGVSEWLP | 630 | 648 |
| P10275 | AR | P10275-1 | P10275-4 | 920 | 648 | 649 | 920 | Deletion | none | none | 648 | 648 |
| Multiple sequence alignment of our canonical and alternatively spliced AR |
| Matched gene isoform IDs with Ensembl and RefSeq of our canonical and alternative spliced genes of AR |
| UniProt-id | ENSG | ENST | ENSP |
| P10275-1 | ENSG00000169083.18 | ENST00000374690.9 | ENSP00000363822.3 |
| P10275-1 | ENSG00000169083.18 | ENST00000612452.5 | ENSP00000484033.2 |
| P10275-3 | ENSG00000169083.18 | ENST00000504326.5 | ENSP00000421155.1 |
| UniProt-id | NM ID | NP ID |
| P10275-1 | NM_000044.4 | NP_000035.2 |
| P10275-2 | NM_001011645.3 | NP_001011645.1 |
| P10275-3 | NM_001348061.1 | NP_001334990.1 |
| P10275-4 | NM_001348063.1 | NP_001334992.1 |
| Amino acid sequences of our canonical and alternatively spliced AR |
| accession_id | Protein sequence |
| P10275-1 | MEVQLGLGRVYPRPPSKTYRGAFQNLFQSVREVIQNPGPRHPEAASAAPPGASLLLLQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQETSPRQQQQQ QGEDGSPQAHRRGPTGYLVLDEEQQPSQPQSALECHPERGCVPEPGAAVAASKGLPQQLPAPPDEDDSAAPSTLSLLGPTFPGLSSCSAD LKDILSEASTMQLLQQQQQEAVSEGSSSGRAREASGAPTSSKDNYLGGTSTISDNAKELCKAVSVSMGLGVEALEHLSPGEQLRGDCMYA PLLGVPPAVRPTPCAPLAECKGSLLDDSAGKSTEDTAEYSPFKGGYTKGLEGESLGCSGSAAAGSSGTLELPSTLSLYKSGALDEAAAYQ SRDYYNFPLALAGPPPPPPPPHPHARIKLENPLDYGSAWAAAAAQCRYGDLASLHGAGAAGPGSGSPSAAASSSWHTLFTAEEGQLYGPC GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGEAGAVAPYGYTRPPQGLAGQESDFTAPDVWYPGGMVSRVPYPSPTCVKSEMGPWMDSYSGPYGDMRL ETARDHVLPIDYYFPPQKTCLICGDEASGCHYGALTCGSCKVFFKRAAEGKQKYLCASRNDCTIDKFRRKNCPSCRLRKCYEAGMTLGAR KLKKLGNLKLQEEGEASSTTSPTEETTQKLTVSHIEGYECQPIFLNVLEAIEPGVVCAGHDNNQPDSFAALLSSLNELGERQLVHVVKWA KALPGFRNLHVDDQMAVIQYSWMGLMVFAMGWRSFTNVNSRMLYFAPDLVFNEYRMHKSRMYSQCVRMRHLSQEFGWLQITPQEFLCMKA LLLFSIIPVDGLKNQKFFDELRMNYIKELDRIIACKRKNPTSCSRRFYQLTKLLDSVQPIARELHQFTFDLLIKSHMVSVDFPEMMAEII |
| P10275-2 | MILWLHSLETARDHVLPIDYYFPPQKTCLICGDEASGCHYGALTCGSCKVFFKRAAEGKQKYLCASRNDCTIDKFRRKNCPSCRLRKCYE AGMTLGARKLKKLGNLKLQEEGEASSTTSPTEETTQKLTVSHIEGYECQPIFLNVLEAIEPGVVCAGHDNNQPDSFAALLSSLNELGERQ LVHVVKWAKALPGFRNLHVDDQMAVIQYSWMGLMVFAMGWRSFTNVNSRMLYFAPDLVFNEYRMHKSRMYSQCVRMRHLSQEFGWLQITP QEFLCMKALLLFSIIPVDGLKNQKFFDELRMNYIKELDRIIACKRKNPTSCSRRFYQLTKLLDSVQPIARELHQFTFDLLIKSHMVSVDF |
| P10275-3 | MEVQLGLGRVYPRPPSKTYRGAFQNLFQSVREVIQNPGPRHPEAASAAPPGASLLLLQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQETSPRQQQQQ QGEDGSPQAHRRGPTGYLVLDEEQQPSQPQSALECHPERGCVPEPGAAVAASKGLPQQLPAPPDEDDSAAPSTLSLLGPTFPGLSSCSAD LKDILSEASTMQLLQQQQQEAVSEGSSSGRAREASGAPTSSKDNYLGGTSTISDNAKELCKAVSVSMGLGVEALEHLSPGEQLRGDCMYA PLLGVPPAVRPTPCAPLAECKGSLLDDSAGKSTEDTAEYSPFKGGYTKGLEGESLGCSGSAAAGSSGTLELPSTLSLYKSGALDEAAAYQ SRDYYNFPLALAGPPPPPPPPHPHARIKLENPLDYGSAWAAAAAQCRYGDLASLHGAGAAGPGSGSPSAAASSSWHTLFTAEEGQLYGPC GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGEAGAVAPYGYTRPPQGLAGQESDFTAPDVWYPGGMVSRVPYPSPTCVKSEMGPWMDSYSGPYGDMRL ETARDHVLPIDYYFPPQKTCLICGDEASGCHYGALTCGSCKVFFKRAAEGKQKYLCASRNDCTIDKFRRKNCPSCRLRKCYEAGMTLGEK |
| P10275-4 | MEVQLGLGRVYPRPPSKTYRGAFQNLFQSVREVIQNPGPRHPEAASAAPPGASLLLLQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQETSPRQQQQQ QGEDGSPQAHRRGPTGYLVLDEEQQPSQPQSALECHPERGCVPEPGAAVAASKGLPQQLPAPPDEDDSAAPSTLSLLGPTFPGLSSCSAD LKDILSEASTMQLLQQQQQEAVSEGSSSGRAREASGAPTSSKDNYLGGTSTISDNAKELCKAVSVSMGLGVEALEHLSPGEQLRGDCMYA PLLGVPPAVRPTPCAPLAECKGSLLDDSAGKSTEDTAEYSPFKGGYTKGLEGESLGCSGSAAAGSSGTLELPSTLSLYKSGALDEAAAYQ SRDYYNFPLALAGPPPPPPPPHPHARIKLENPLDYGSAWAAAAAQCRYGDLASLHGAGAAGPGSGSPSAAASSSWHTLFTAEEGQLYGPC GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGEAGAVAPYGYTRPPQGLAGQESDFTAPDVWYPGGMVSRVPYPSPTCVKSEMGPWMDSYSGPYGDMRL ETARDHVLPIDYYFPPQKTCLICGDEASGCHYGALTCGSCKVFFKRAAEGKQKYLCASRNDCTIDKFRRKNCPSCRLRKCYEAGMTLGAA |
Protein Functional Features |
| Main function of this protein. (from UniProt) |
| AR (go to UniProt):P10275 |
| Retention analysis result of protein across 39 protein features of UniProt such as six molecule processing features, 13 region features, four site features, six amino acid modification features, two natural variation features, five experimental info features, and 3 secondary structure features. Here, because of limited space for viewing, we only show the protein feature retention information belong to the 13 regional features. All retention annotation result can be downloaded at * Minus value of BPloci means that the break pointn is located before the CDS. |
| - Retained protein feature among the 13 regional features. |
| Accession_id | Subsection | Start | End | Funcitonal feature | Splicing information |
| P10275 | Domain | 669 | 900 | Note=NR LBD;Ontology_term=ECO:0000255;evidence=ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01189 | Type=Deletion;Start=645;End=920 |
| P10275 | Domain | 669 | 900 | Note=NR LBD;Ontology_term=ECO:0000255;evidence=ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01189 | Type=Deletion;Start=649;End=920 |
| P10275 | DNA binding | 560 | 632 | Note=Nuclear receptor;Ontology_term=ECO:0000255;evidence=ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00407 | Type=Substitution;Start=629;End=644 |
| P10275 | DNA binding | 560 | 632 | Note=Nuclear receptor;Ontology_term=ECO:0000255;evidence=ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00407 | Type=Substitution;Start=630;End=648 |
| P10275 | Region | 1 | 587 | Note=Interaction with ZNF318;Ontology_term=ECO:0000250;evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P19091 | Type=Deletion;Start=1;End=532 |
| P10275 | Region | 1 | 587 | Note=Interaction with ZNF318;Ontology_term=ECO:0000250;evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P19091 | Type=Substitution;Start=533;End=539 |
| P10275 | Region | 1 | 559 | Note=Modulating | Type=Deletion;Start=1;End=532 |
| P10275 | Region | 1 | 559 | Note=Modulating | Type=Substitution;Start=533;End=539 |
| P10275 | Region | 36 | 167 | Note=Disordered;Ontology_term=ECO:0000256;evidence=ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite | Type=Deletion;Start=1;End=532 |
| P10275 | Region | 195 | 228 | Note=Disordered;Ontology_term=ECO:0000256;evidence=ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite | Type=Deletion;Start=1;End=532 |
| P10275 | Region | 552 | 919 | Note=Interaction with LPXN;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:18451096;Dbxref=PMID:18451096 | Type=Substitution;Start=629;End=644 |
| P10275 | Region | 552 | 919 | Note=Interaction with LPXN;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:18451096;Dbxref=PMID:18451096 | Type=Deletion;Start=645;End=920 |
| P10275 | Region | 552 | 919 | Note=Interaction with LPXN;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:18451096;Dbxref=PMID:18451096 | Type=Substitution;Start=630;End=648 |
| P10275 | Region | 552 | 919 | Note=Interaction with LPXN;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:18451096;Dbxref=PMID:18451096 | Type=Deletion;Start=649;End=920 |
| P10275 | Region | 572 | 662 | Note=Interaction with HIPK3;Ontology_term=ECO:0000250;evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P15207 | Type=Substitution;Start=629;End=644 |
| P10275 | Region | 572 | 662 | Note=Interaction with HIPK3;Ontology_term=ECO:0000250;evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P15207 | Type=Deletion;Start=645;End=920 |
| P10275 | Region | 572 | 662 | Note=Interaction with HIPK3;Ontology_term=ECO:0000250;evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P15207 | Type=Substitution;Start=630;End=648 |
| P10275 | Region | 572 | 662 | Note=Interaction with HIPK3;Ontology_term=ECO:0000250;evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P15207 | Type=Deletion;Start=649;End=920 |
| P10275 | Region | 592 | 919 | Note=Interaction with CCAR1;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:23887938;Dbxref=PMID:23887938 | Type=Substitution;Start=629;End=644 |
| P10275 | Region | 592 | 919 | Note=Interaction with CCAR1;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:23887938;Dbxref=PMID:23887938 | Type=Deletion;Start=645;End=920 |
| P10275 | Region | 592 | 919 | Note=Interaction with CCAR1;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:23887938;Dbxref=PMID:23887938 | Type=Substitution;Start=630;End=648 |
| P10275 | Region | 592 | 919 | Note=Interaction with CCAR1;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:23887938;Dbxref=PMID:23887938 | Type=Deletion;Start=649;End=920 |
| P10275 | Region | 625 | 919 | Note=Interaction with KAT7;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:10930412;Dbxref=PMID:10930412 | Type=Substitution;Start=629;End=644 |
| P10275 | Region | 625 | 919 | Note=Interaction with KAT7;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:10930412;Dbxref=PMID:10930412 | Type=Deletion;Start=645;End=920 |
| P10275 | Region | 625 | 919 | Note=Interaction with KAT7;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:10930412;Dbxref=PMID:10930412 | Type=Substitution;Start=630;End=648 |
| P10275 | Region | 625 | 919 | Note=Interaction with KAT7;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:10930412;Dbxref=PMID:10930412 | Type=Deletion;Start=649;End=920 |
| P10275 | Compositional bias | 53 | 96 | Note=Polar residues;Ontology_term=ECO:0000256;evidence=ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite | Type=Deletion;Start=1;End=532 |
Gene Isoform Structures and Expression Levels for AR |
| Gene structures of our canonical and alternative spliced genes of AR * Click on the image to open the UCSC genome browser with custom track showing this image in a new window. |
| Expression levels of gene isoforms across GTEx. |
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| Expression levels of gene isoforms across TCGA. |
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Protein Structures |
| PDB and CIF files of the predicted protein structures * Here we show the 3D structure of the proteins using Mol*. AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Model confidence is shown from the pLDDT values per residue. pLDDT corresponds to the model’s prediction of its score on the local Distance Difference Test. It is a measure of local accuracy (from AlphfaFold website). To color code individual residues, we transformed individual PDB files into CIF format. |
| 3D view using mol* of P10275-1 |
| 3D view using mol* of P10275-2 |
| 3D view using mol* of P10275-3 |
| 3D view using mol* of P10275-4 |
pLDDT Score Distribution |
| pLDDT score distribution of the predicted protein structures from AlphaFold2 * AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. |
| pLDDT distribution across the protein length of P10275-1 |
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| pLDDT distribution across the protein length of P10275-2 |
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| pLDDT distribution across the protein length of P10275-3 |
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| pLDDT distribution across the protein length of P10275-4 |
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Ramachandran Plot of Protein Structures |
| Ramachandran plot of the torsional angles - phi (φ)and psi (ψ) - of the residues (amino acids) contained in this protein peptide. |
| Ramachandran plot of P10275-1 |
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| Ramachandran plot of P10275-2 |
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| Ramachandran plot of P10275-3 |
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Potential Active Site Information |
| The potential binding sites of these proteins were identified using SiteMap, a module of the Schrodinger suite. |
| UniProt-id | Site score | Size | D score | Volume | Exposure | Enclosure | Contact | Phobic | Philic | Balance | Don/Acc | Residues |
| P10275-1 | 1.294 | 102 | 1.363 | 129.997 | 0.227 | 0.988 | 1.264 | 3.399 | 0.521 | 6.526 | 1.303 | 702,705,706,708,709,712,742,743,746,747,750,753,76 5,781,788,874,877,878,881,896,900 |
| P10275-2 | 1.282 | 112 | 1.343 | 140.63 | 0.188 | 0.987 | 1.276 | 3.206 | 0.58 | 5.526 | 2.846 | 170,173,174,176,177,180,210,211,214,215,218,221,23 3,249,256,342,345,346,349,364 |
| P10275-3 | 0.827 | 70 | 0.852 | 181.79 | 0.683 | 0.555 | 0.751 | 0.303 | 0.82 | 0.369 | 2.1 | 551,552,554,555,556,557,558,559,575,638,639,642,64 3,644 |
| P10275-4 | 1.012 | 124 | 1.072 | 408.17 | 0.692 | 0.639 | 0.797 | 0.871 | 0.773 | 1.128 | 0.916 | 239,240,243,246,247,249,550,551,554,555,556,557,55 8,569,570,571,572,573,575,626,631,632,633,637,638, 641,643,646,647 |
Protein Structure and Feature Comparision |
| Protein Structure Comparision Using Template Modeling Scores (TM-score). |
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| Protein Structure Comparision Visualization with mol*. between Canonical predicted structure (AF2)(orange) vs Canonical validated structure (PDB)(green) |
| 3D view using mol* of P10275-1_P10275-1_1xj7_A.pdb |
| Protein Structure Comparision Visualization with mol*. between Canonical validated structure (PDB)(orange) vs Alternative predicted structure (AF2)(green) |
| 3D view using mol* of P10275-1_1xj7_A_P10275-2.pdb |
| 3D view using mol* of P10275-1_1xj7_A_P10275-3.pdb |
| 3D view using mol* of P10275-1_1xj7_A_P10275-4.pdb |
| Protein Structure Comparision Visualization with mol*. between Canonical predicted structure (AF2)(orange) vs Alternative predicted structure (AF2)(green) |
| 3D view using mol* of P10275-1_P10275-2.pdb |
| 3D view using mol* of P10275-1_P10275-3.pdb |
| 3D view using mol* of P10275-1_P10275-4.pdb |
| Protein Feature Comparison of the protein sequendary structures among the protiens. |
| ./stats/secondary_structure/figure/P10275-1_vs_P10275-2.png |
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| ./stats/secondary_structure/figure/P10275-1_vs_P10275-3.png |
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| ./stats/secondary_structure/figure/P10275-1_vs_P10275-4.png |
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| Protein Feature Comparison of the relative accessible surface area (ASA) among the protiens. |
| ./stats/relative_asa/P10275-1_vs_P10275-2.png |
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| ./stats/relative_asa/P10275-1_vs_P10275-3.png |
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| ./stats/relative_asa/P10275-1_vs_P10275-4.png |
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Protein-Protein Interaction |
| Interactors from UniProt. |
| Accession_id | Subsection | Start | End | Funcitonal feature | Splicing information |
| P10275 | Region | 1 | 587 | Note=Interaction with ZNF318;Ontology_term=ECO:0000250;evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P19091 | Type=Deletion;Start=1;End=532 |
| P10275 | Region | 1 | 587 | Note=Interaction with ZNF318;Ontology_term=ECO:0000250;evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P19091 | Type=Substitution;Start=533;End=539 |
| P10275 | Region | 552 | 919 | Note=Interaction with LPXN;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:18451096;Dbxref=PMID:18451096 | Type=Substitution;Start=629;End=644 |
| P10275 | Region | 552 | 919 | Note=Interaction with LPXN;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:18451096;Dbxref=PMID:18451096 | Type=Deletion;Start=645;End=920 |
| P10275 | Region | 552 | 919 | Note=Interaction with LPXN;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:18451096;Dbxref=PMID:18451096 | Type=Substitution;Start=630;End=648 |
| P10275 | Region | 552 | 919 | Note=Interaction with LPXN;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:18451096;Dbxref=PMID:18451096 | Type=Deletion;Start=649;End=920 |
| P10275 | Region | 572 | 662 | Note=Interaction with HIPK3;Ontology_term=ECO:0000250;evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P15207 | Type=Substitution;Start=629;End=644 |
| P10275 | Region | 572 | 662 | Note=Interaction with HIPK3;Ontology_term=ECO:0000250;evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P15207 | Type=Deletion;Start=645;End=920 |
| P10275 | Region | 572 | 662 | Note=Interaction with HIPK3;Ontology_term=ECO:0000250;evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P15207 | Type=Substitution;Start=630;End=648 |
| P10275 | Region | 572 | 662 | Note=Interaction with HIPK3;Ontology_term=ECO:0000250;evidence=ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P15207 | Type=Deletion;Start=649;End=920 |
| P10275 | Region | 592 | 919 | Note=Interaction with CCAR1;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:23887938;Dbxref=PMID:23887938 | Type=Substitution;Start=629;End=644 |
| P10275 | Region | 592 | 919 | Note=Interaction with CCAR1;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:23887938;Dbxref=PMID:23887938 | Type=Deletion;Start=645;End=920 |
| P10275 | Region | 592 | 919 | Note=Interaction with CCAR1;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:23887938;Dbxref=PMID:23887938 | Type=Substitution;Start=630;End=648 |
| P10275 | Region | 592 | 919 | Note=Interaction with CCAR1;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:23887938;Dbxref=PMID:23887938 | Type=Deletion;Start=649;End=920 |
| P10275 | Region | 625 | 919 | Note=Interaction with KAT7;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:10930412;Dbxref=PMID:10930412 | Type=Substitution;Start=629;End=644 |
| P10275 | Region | 625 | 919 | Note=Interaction with KAT7;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:10930412;Dbxref=PMID:10930412 | Type=Deletion;Start=645;End=920 |
| P10275 | Region | 625 | 919 | Note=Interaction with KAT7;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:10930412;Dbxref=PMID:10930412 | Type=Substitution;Start=630;End=648 |
| P10275 | Region | 625 | 919 | Note=Interaction with KAT7;Ontology_term=ECO:0000269;evidence=ECO:0000269|PubMed:10930412;Dbxref=PMID:10930412 | Type=Deletion;Start=649;End=920 |
| Interactors from STRING. |
| Gene name | Interactors |
Related Drugs to AR |
| Drugs targeting this gene/protein. (DrugBank) |
| UniProt accession | Gene name | DrugBank ID | Drug name | Drug group | Actions |
| P10275 | AR | DB08804 | Nandrolone decanoate | approved, illicit | agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB01481 | 1-Testosterone | experimental, illicit, investigational | agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB11425 | Luprostiol | experimental, vet_approved | inhibitor |
| P10275 | AR | DB11429 | Mibolerone | vet_approved | |
| P10275 | AR | DB04839 | Cyproterone acetate | approved, investigational | antagonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB01541 | Boldenone | illicit, vet_approved | agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB06718 | Stanozolol | approved, vet_approved | agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB13934 | Ligandrol | investigational | antagonist, agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB11447 | Phenothiazine | experimental, vet_approved | |
| P10275 | AR | DB01564 | Calusterone | experimental, illicit | |
| P10275 | AR | DB00957 | Norgestimate | approved, investigational | partial agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB00858 | Drostanolone | illicit | agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB02901 | Stanolone | illicit, investigational | |
| P10275 | AR | DB07454 | (R)-3-BROMO-2-HYDROXY-2-METHYL-N-[4-NITRO-3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYL]PROPANAMIDE | experimental | |
| P10275 | AR | DB06713 | Norelgestromin | approved, investigational | partial agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB01608 | Periciazine | approved, investigational | |
| P10275 | AR | DB07039 | (2S)-N-(4-cyano-3-iodophenyl)-3-(4-cyanophenoxy)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide | experimental | |
| P10275 | AR | DB00717 | Norethisterone | approved | agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB06710 | Methyltestosterone | approved | agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB15488 | Echinacoside | experimental | agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB14583 | Segesterone acetate | approved, experimental, investigational | agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB12499 | Clascoterone | approved, investigational | antagonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB02998 | Metribolone | experimental | activator |
| P10275 | AR | DB01708 | Prasterone | approved, investigational, nutraceutical | agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB08899 | Enzalutamide | approved | inhibitor |
| P10275 | AR | DB01428 | Oxybenzone | approved, investigational | antagonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB11901 | Apalutamide | approved, investigational | antagonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB01420 | Testosterone propionate | approved, investigational, vet_approved, withdrawn | agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB11219 | Enzacamene | approved | antagonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB01185 | Fluoxymesterone | approved, illicit | agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB07717 | (5S,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17S)-13-{2-[(3,5-DIFLUOROBENZYL)OXY]ETHYL}-17-HYDROXY-10-METHYLHEXADECAHYDRO-3H-CYCLOPENTA[A]PHENANTHREN-3-ONE | experimental | |
| P10275 | AR | DB00396 | Progesterone | approved, vet_approved | agonist, potentiator |
| P10275 | AR | DB00367 | Levonorgestrel | approved, investigational | binder |
| P10275 | AR | DB13951 | Stanolone acetate | experimental | |
| P10275 | AR | DB11064 | Homosalate | approved, investigational | antagonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB00255 | Diethylstilbestrol | approved, investigational, withdrawn | antagonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB06412 | Oxymetholone | approved, illicit | agonist, activator |
| P10275 | AR | DB07769 | S-3-(4-FLUOROPHENOXY)-2-HYDROXY-2-METHYL-N-[4-NITRO-3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYL]PROPANAMIDE | experimental | |
| P10275 | AR | DB15647 | Ketodarolutamide | experimental | antagonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB08035 | 1-TERT-BUTYL-3-(2,5-DIMETHYLBENZYL)-1H-PYRAZOLO[3,4-D]PYRIMIDIN-4-AMINE | experimental | |
| P10275 | AR | DB02932 | (R)-Bicalutamide | experimental | |
| P10275 | AR | DB04709 | (3AALPHA,4ALPHA,7ALPHA,7AALPHA)- 3A,4,7,7A-TETRAHYDRO-2-(4-NITRO-1-NAPHTHALENYL)-4,7-ETHANO-1H-ISOINDOLE-1,3(2H)-DIONE | experimental | |
| P10275 | AR | DB09371 | Norethynodrel | approved | |
| P10275 | AR | DB13946 | Testosterone undecanoate | approved, investigational | agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB08604 | Triclosan | approved, investigational | |
| P10275 | AR | DB06133 | Dimethylcurcumin | investigational | inhibitor |
| P10275 | AR | DB00421 | Spironolactone | approved | antagonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB13155 | Esculin | approved | agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB05234 | LGD2941 | investigational | |
| P10275 | AR | DB13944 | Testosterone enanthate | approved | agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB01128 | Bicalutamide | approved | antagonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB01395 | Drospirenone | approved | antagonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB01406 | Danazol | approved | agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB13943 | Testosterone cypionate | approved | agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB09389 | Norgestrel | approved | agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB01063 | Acetophenazine | approved | |
| P10275 | AR | DB06870 | Tetrahydrogestrinone | experimental | |
| P10275 | AR | DB01026 | Ketoconazole | approved, investigational | binder |
| P10275 | AR | DB00984 | Nandrolone phenpropionate | approved, illicit, investigational | agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB08089 | LGD-2226 | experimental | |
| P10275 | AR | DB11619 | Gestrinone | approved | antagonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB00665 | Nilutamide | approved, investigational | antagonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB07286 | BMS-564929 | experimental | |
| P10275 | AR | DB08088 | 2-chloro-4-{[(1R,3Z,7S,7aS)-7-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c][1,3]oxazol-3-ylidene]amino}-3-methylbenzonitrile | experimental | |
| P10275 | AR | DB07423 | Andarine | experimental | |
| P10275 | AR | DB00624 | Testosterone | approved, investigational | agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB00675 | Tamoxifen | approved | |
| P10275 | AR | DB08867 | Ulipristal | approved | |
| P10275 | AR | DB14639 | Boldenone undecylenate | illicit, vet_approved | |
| P10275 | AR | DB07422 | (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-[4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(pentafluorophenoxy)propanamide | experimental | |
| P10275 | AR | DB00499 | Flutamide | approved, investigational | antagonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB07421 | 4-{[(1R,2S)-1,2-dihydroxy-2-methyl-3-(4-nitrophenoxy)propyl]amino}-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile | experimental | |
| P10275 | AR | DB09123 | Dienogest | approved | antagonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB00655 | Estrone | approved | |
| P10275 | AR | DB00621 | Oxandrolone | approved, investigational | agonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB02266 | Flufenamic acid | approved | |
| P10275 | AR | DB08087 | 4-[(7R,7AS)-7-HYDROXY-1,3-DIOXOTETRAHYDRO-1H-PYRROLO[1,2-C]IMIDAZOL-2(3H)-YL]-1-NAPHTHONITRILE | experimental | |
| P10275 | AR | DB12941 | Darolutamide | approved, investigational | antagonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB07419 | S-23 | experimental | |
| P10275 | AR | DB00623 | Fluphenazine | approved | |
| P10275 | AR | DB00648 | Mitotane | approved | antagonist |
| P10275 | AR | DB08461 | 3-[(4-AMINO-1-TERT-BUTYL-1H-PYRAZOLO[3,4-D]PYRIMIDIN-3-YL)METHYL]PHENOL | experimental | |
| P10275 | AR | DB09086 | Eugenol | approved | antagonist |
Related Diseases to AR |
| Previous studies relating to the alternative splicing of AR and disease information from the MeSH term (PubMed) |
| Gene | PMID | Title | Abstract | MeSH ID | MeSH term |
| AR | 21248069 | Intragenic rearrangement and altered RNA splicing of the androgen receptor in a cell-based model of prostate cancer progression. | Androgen depletion for advanced prostate cancer (PCa) targets activity of the androgen receptor (AR), a steroid receptor transcription factor required for PCa growth. The emergence of lethal castration-resistant PCa (CRPCa) is marked by aberrant reactivation of the AR despite ongoing androgen depletion. Recently, alternative splicing has been described as a mechanism giving rise to COOH-terminally truncated, constitutively active AR isoforms that can support the CRPCa phenotype. However, the pathologic origin of these truncated AR isoforms is unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate alterations in AR expression arising in a cell-based model of PCa progression driven by truncated AR isoform activity. We show that stable, high-level expression of truncated AR isoforms in 22Rv1 CRPCa cells is associated with intragenic rearrangement of an approximately 35-kb AR genomic segment harboring a cluster of previously described alternative AR exons. Analysis of genomic data from clinical specimens indicated that related AR intragenic copy number alterations occurred in CRPCa in the context of AR amplification. Cloning of the break fusion junction in 22Rv1 cells revealed long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1) flanking the rearranged segment and a DNA repair signature consistent with microhomology-mediated, break-induced replication. This rearrangement served as a marker for the emergence of a rare subpopulation of CRPCa cells expressing high levels of truncated AR isoforms during PCa progression in vitro. Together, these data provide the first report of AR intragenic rearrangements in CRPCa and an association with pathologic expression of truncated AR isoforms in a cell-based model of PCa progression. | D018450 | Disease Progression |
| AR | 21248069 | Intragenic rearrangement and altered RNA splicing of the androgen receptor in a cell-based model of prostate cancer progression. | Androgen depletion for advanced prostate cancer (PCa) targets activity of the androgen receptor (AR), a steroid receptor transcription factor required for PCa growth. The emergence of lethal castration-resistant PCa (CRPCa) is marked by aberrant reactivation of the AR despite ongoing androgen depletion. Recently, alternative splicing has been described as a mechanism giving rise to COOH-terminally truncated, constitutively active AR isoforms that can support the CRPCa phenotype. However, the pathologic origin of these truncated AR isoforms is unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate alterations in AR expression arising in a cell-based model of PCa progression driven by truncated AR isoform activity. We show that stable, high-level expression of truncated AR isoforms in 22Rv1 CRPCa cells is associated with intragenic rearrangement of an approximately 35-kb AR genomic segment harboring a cluster of previously described alternative AR exons. Analysis of genomic data from clinical specimens indicated that related AR intragenic copy number alterations occurred in CRPCa in the context of AR amplification. Cloning of the break fusion junction in 22Rv1 cells revealed long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1) flanking the rearranged segment and a DNA repair signature consistent with microhomology-mediated, break-induced replication. This rearrangement served as a marker for the emergence of a rare subpopulation of CRPCa cells expressing high levels of truncated AR isoforms during PCa progression in vitro. Together, these data provide the first report of AR intragenic rearrangements in CRPCa and an association with pathologic expression of truncated AR isoforms in a cell-based model of PCa progression. | D011471 | Prostatic Neoplasms |
| AR | 26848868 | Regulation of androgen receptor splice variant AR3 by PCGEM1. | The androgen receptor (AR) is required for prostate development and is also a major driver of prostate cancer pathogenesis. Thus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay of treatment for advanced prostate cancer. However, castration resistance due to expression of constitutively active AR splice variants is a significant challenge to prostate cancer therapy; little is known why effectiveness of ADT can only last for a relatively short time. In the present study, we show that PCGEM1 interacts with splicing factors heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A1 and U2AF65, as determined by RNA precipitation and Western blot, suggesting a role for PCGEM1 in alternative splicing. In support of this possibility, PCGEM1 is correlated with AR3, a predominant and clinically important form of AR splice variants in prostate cancer. Moreover, androgen deprivation (AD) induces PCGEM1 and causes its accumulation in nuclear speckles. Finally, we show that the AD-induced PCGEM1 regulates the competition between hnRNP A1 and U2AF65 for AR pre-mRNA. AD promotes PCGEM1 to interact with both hnRNP A1 and U2AF65 with different consequences. While the interaction of PCGEM1 with hnRNP A1 suppresses AR3 by exon skipping, its interaction with U2AF65 promotes AR3 by exonization. Together, we demonstrate an AD-mediated AR3 expression involving PCGEM1 and splicing factors. | D011471 | Prostatic Neoplasms |
Clinically important variants in AR |
| (ClinVar, 04/20/2024) |
| accession_id | uniprot_id | gene_name | Type | Variant | Clinical_significance |
| P10275 | P10275-1 | AR | Microsatellite | p.Gln80_Glu81insGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGln | risk factor |
| P10275 | P10275-1 | AR | Microsatellite | p.Gln80_Glu81insGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGln | risk factor |
| P10275 | P10275-1 | AR | Microsatellite | p.Gln80_Glu81insGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGln | Pathogenic |
| P10275 | P10275-1 | AR | Microsatellite | p.Gln80_Glu81insGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGlnGln | Pathogenic |
| P10275 | P10275-1 | AR | Microsatellite | p.Gln66_Gln80del | Benign |
| P10275 | P10275-1 | AR | Microsatellite | p.Gln66_Gln80del | Benign |
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