Protein:GLRX2 |
Protein Summary |
 Gene summary |
| Gene name: GLRX2 | ASpdb.0 ID: 51022 | Gene | Gene symbol | GLRX2 | Gene ID | 51022 |
| Gene name | glutaredoxin 2 |
| Synonyms | CGI-133|GRX2 |
| Cytomap | 1q31.2 |
| Type of gene | protein-coding |
| Description | glutaredoxin 2bA101E13.1 (GRX2 glutaredoxin (thioltransferase) 2)glutaredoxin (thioltransferase) 2 |
| Modification date | 20240411 |
| UniProtAcc | Q9NS18 |
| Gene ontology of this gene with evidence of Inferred from Direct Assay (IDA) from Entrez |
| Partner | Gene | GO ID | GO term | PubMed ID |
| Gene | GLRX2 | GO:0005634 | nucleus | 11297543 |
| Gene | GLRX2 | GO:0005654 | nucleoplasm | - |
| Gene | GLRX2 | GO:0005739 | mitochondrion | 11297543|11397793 |
| Gene | GLRX2 | GO:0010033 | response to organic substance | 11397793 |
| Gene | GLRX2 | GO:0042542 | response to hydrogen peroxide | 11397793 |
| Gene | GLRX2 | GO:0043231 | intracellular membrane-bounded organelle | - |
AS Summary |
| Information of the canonical protein with experimentally identified structure from PDB (2023). |
| UniProt Acc | File name | PDB ID | Method | Resolution | Chain | Start | End |
| Q9NS18-1 | Q9NS18-1_2ht9_B.pdb | 2HT9 | X-ray | 1.9 | B | 54 | 164 |
| ASpdb's canonical and alternatively spliced isoform information. |
| accession_id | gene_name | canonical_id | alternative_id | canonical_length | alternative_length | canonical_start | canonical_end | type | originalSEQ | variationSEQ | alternative_start | alternative_end |
| Q9NS18 | GLRX2 | Q9NS18-1 | Q9NS18-2 | 164 | 165 | 1 | 40 | Substitution | MIWRRAALAGTRLVWSRSGSAGWLDRAAGAAGAAAAAASG | MNPRDKQVSRFSPLKDVYTWVALAGIQRSGSPGRTRSAARR | 1 | 41 |
| Multiple sequence alignment of our canonical and alternatively spliced GLRX2 |
| Matched gene isoform IDs with Ensembl and RefSeq of our canonical and alternative spliced genes of GLRX2 |
| UniProt-id | ENSG | ENST | ENSP |
| Q9NS18-1 | ENSG00000023572.10 | ENST00000367439.8 | ENSP00000356409.3 |
| Q9NS18-1 | ENSG00000023572.10 | ENST00000608166.2 | ENSP00000494652.1 |
| Q9NS18-2 | ENSG00000023572.10 | ENST00000367440.3 | ENSP00000356410.3 |
| UniProt-id | NM ID | NP ID |
| Q9NS18-1 | NM_197962.2 | NP_932066.1 |
| Q9NS18-2 | NM_016066.4 | NP_057150.2 |
| Amino acid sequences of our canonical and alternatively spliced GLRX2 |
| accession_id | Protein sequence |
| Q9NS18-1 | MIWRRAALAGTRLVWSRSGSAGWLDRAAGAAGAAAAAASGMESNTSSSLENLATAPVNQIQETISDNCVVIFSKTSCSYCTMAKKLFHDM |
| Q9NS18-2 | MNPRDKQVSRFSPLKDVYTWVALAGIQRSGSPGRTRSAARRMESNTSSSLENLATAPVNQIQETISDNCVVIFSKTSCSYCTMAKKLFHD |
Protein Functional Features |
| Main function of this protein. (from UniProt) |
| GLRX2 (go to UniProt):Q9NS18 |
| Retention analysis result of protein across 39 protein features of UniProt such as six molecule processing features, 13 region features, four site features, six amino acid modification features, two natural variation features, five experimental info features, and 3 secondary structure features. Here, because of limited space for viewing, we only show the protein feature retention information belong to the 13 regional features. All retention annotation result can be downloaded at * Minus value of BPloci means that the break pointn is located before the CDS. |
| - Retained protein feature among the 13 regional features. |
| Accession_id | Subsection | Start | End | Funcitonal feature | Splicing information |
Gene Isoform Structures and Expression Levels for GLRX2 |
| Gene structures of our canonical and alternative spliced genes of GLRX2 * Click on the image to open the UCSC genome browser with custom track showing this image in a new window. |
| Expression levels of gene isoforms across GTEx. |
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| Expression levels of gene isoforms across TCGA. |
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Protein Structures |
| PDB and CIF files of the predicted protein structures * Here we show the 3D structure of the proteins using Mol*. AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Model confidence is shown from the pLDDT values per residue. pLDDT corresponds to the model’s prediction of its score on the local Distance Difference Test. It is a measure of local accuracy (from AlphfaFold website). To color code individual residues, we transformed individual PDB files into CIF format. |
| 3D view using mol* of Q9NS18-1 |
| 3D view using mol* of Q9NS18-2 |
pLDDT Score Distribution |
| pLDDT score distribution of the predicted protein structures from AlphaFold2 * AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. |
| pLDDT distribution across the protein length of Q9NS18-1 |
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| pLDDT distribution across the protein length of Q9NS18-2 |
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Ramachandran Plot of Protein Structures |
| Ramachandran plot of the torsional angles - phi (φ)and psi (ψ) - of the residues (amino acids) contained in this protein peptide. |
| Ramachandran plot of Q9NS18-1 |
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| Ramachandran plot of Q9NS18-2 |
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Potential Active Site Information |
| The potential binding sites of these proteins were identified using SiteMap, a module of the Schrodinger suite. |
| UniProt-id | Site score | Size | D score | Volume | Exposure | Enclosure | Contact | Phobic | Philic | Balance | Don/Acc | Residues |
| Q9NS18-1 | 0.572 | 23 | 0.349 | 43.218 | 0.603 | 0.629 | 0.914 | 0 | 1.469 | 0 | 0.377 | 64,65,67,68,127,128,153,156,157,160
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| Q9NS18-2 | 0.617 | 27 | 0.417 | 39.102 | 0.635 | 0.651 | 0.888 | 0.06 | 1.419 | 0.043 | 0.3 | 65,66,68,69,71,126,128,129,154,157,158,161
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Protein Structure and Feature Comparision |
| Protein Structure Comparision Using Template Modeling Scores (TM-score). |
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| Protein Structure Comparision Visualization with mol*. between Canonical predicted structure (AF2)(orange) vs Canonical validated structure (PDB)(green) |
| 3D view using mol* of Q9NS18-1_Q9NS18-1_2ht9_B.pdb |
| Protein Structure Comparision Visualization with mol*. between Canonical validated structure (PDB)(orange) vs Alternative predicted structure (AF2)(green) |
| 3D view using mol* of Q9NS18-1_2ht9_B_Q9NS18-2.pdb |
| Protein Structure Comparision Visualization with mol*. between Canonical predicted structure (AF2)(orange) vs Alternative predicted structure (AF2)(green) |
| 3D view using mol* of Q9NS18-1_Q9NS18-2.pdb |
| Protein Feature Comparison of the protein sequendary structures among the protiens. |
| ./stats/secondary_structure/figure/Q9NS18-1_vs_Q9NS18-2.png |
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| Protein Feature Comparison of the relative accessible surface area (ASA) among the protiens. |
| ./stats/relative_asa/Q9NS18-1_vs_Q9NS18-2.png |
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Protein-Protein Interaction |
| Interactors from UniProt. |
| Accession_id | Subsection | Start | End | Funcitonal feature | Splicing information |
| Interactors from STRING. |
| Gene name | Interactors |
Related Drugs to GLRX2 |
| Drugs targeting this gene/protein. (DrugBank) |
| UniProt accession | Gene name | DrugBank ID | Drug name | Drug group | Actions |
| Q9NS18 | GLRX2 | DB00143 | Glutathione | approved, investigational, nutraceutical |
Related Diseases to GLRX2 |
| Previous studies relating to the alternative splicing of GLRX2 and disease information from the MeSH term (PubMed) |
| Gene | PMID | Title | Abstract | MeSH ID | MeSH term |
| GLRX2 | 18092940 | Expression pattern of human glutaredoxin 2 isoforms: identification and characterization of two testis/cancer cell-specific isoforms. | The cellular redox state is associated with major cellular processes including differentiation, transformation, and apoptosis. Glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) is a mitochondrial oxidoreductase suggested to play a critical role in protection against apoptotic stimuli. An alternative Grx2 transcript variant encoding a nonmitochondrial protein (Grx2b) was proposed before, but no data was available on the expression of this isoform. We have systematically investigated the expression of Grx2 transcript variants in human tissues and transformed cell lines. The transcript variant encoding mitochondrial Grx2 (Grx2a) was found to be ubiquitously expressed, emphasizing the general importance of the protein for mitochondrial redox homeostasis. In addition, we confirmed the previously suggested isoform Grx2b and identified a new third isoform (Grx2c) derived from alternative splicing of the Grx2b-encoding transcript. In normal tissue expression of both Grx2b and Grx2c was restricted to testes, but additionally we were able to demonstrate transcripts in various cancer cell lines. Both Grx2b and Grx2c are enzymatically active, but only Grx2c can complex the regulatory iron-sulfur cluster described for Grx2a. Expression of GFP fusion proteins suggested a cytosolic and nuclear localization of both Grx2b and Grx2c. Our findings provide the first evidence for functions of Grx2 outside mitochondria. | D009369 | Neoplasms |
Clinically important variants in GLRX2 |
| (ClinVar, 04/20/2024) |
| accession_id | uniprot_id | gene_name | Type | Variant | Clinical_significance |
| Q9NS18 | Q9NS18-2 | GLRX2 | single nucleotide variant | p.Ile26Thr | Uncertain significance |
| Q9NS18 | Q9NS18-2 | GLRX2 | single nucleotide variant | p.Ile26Thr | Uncertain significance |
| Q9NS18 | Q9NS18-2 | GLRX2 | single nucleotide variant | p.Arg4Gly | Likely benign |
| Q9NS18 | Q9NS18-2 | GLRX2 | single nucleotide variant | p.Arg4Gly | Likely benign |
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